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Acleris semipurpurana
''Acleris semipurpurana'' is a species in the moth family Tortricidae, and one of several species of moth commonly known as Oak leaftier or Oak leaf tier. The larvae feed on the leaves of oak trees in the Eastern United States and southeastern Canada. It can be a major cause of defoliation in oak trees. The loss of leaves can kill or damage the affected trees, which are chiefly in the ''Lobatae'' or red oak section of ''Quercus'' or oaks.
Adult ''Acleris semipurpurana'' moths lay single eggs on oak tree branches in June; these overwinter and hatch the next April. The larvae eat tree buds and young leaves, then tie leaves together with silk (hence the name). They nest and eat inside the tied leaves, then pupate in the leaf litter on the floor in May or June. After a week or two the adult moths emerge, mate and lay the next generation of eggs.
==Life cycle and description==
Oak leaftier moths lay their eggs in June each year, typically as single eggs on rough-bark twigs, typically "second year branches".〔 Note: this is published on the www.forestpests.org website with the title "Oak Leaftiers: ''Acleris semipurpurana'' (Kearfott)"〕〔 The eggs overwinter and hatch in spring of the next year. The larvae (or caterpillars) emerge in April and initially eat the buds of oak trees and young leaves inside them. When fully grown, the larvae are long and are "dirty white to light green" with "a pale brown head and black to brown front legs".〔 Note: this is published on the www.forestpests.org website with the title "Oak leaftier: ''Acleris semipurpurana''"〕 Other identifying characteristics in the larvae are a long head with a black bar found on the cheek or lower portion, and brown legs on the thorax. The larvae tie leaves together with silk, which gives the insect its common name. The larvae feed and nest inside the tied or folded leaves until they are ready to pupate in mid to late May.〔
The larvae leave the trees to pupate, descending to the ground on silken threads. The pupae are commonly found in the leaf litter on the forest floor beneath the oak trees. After one or two weeks in the pupal stage, the adult moths emerge in late May or June. The moths are small with a wingspan of ; the wings have a characteristic bell shape. Wing color can vary considerably. Some forewings are yellow while others have dark brown or even purple markings. The adults mate and lay eggs - only one generation of moths is produced annually. ''Acleris semipurpurana'' was first described by Kearfott in 1909.〔〔〔〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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